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Vol. 21 (2018 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2018-21-2

Makarevich P. R., Obluchinskaya E. D., Dvoretsky A. G., Zhuravleva N. G.
Current trends of breeding and cultivation of non-traditional aquaculture facilities (arctic charr, king crab, sea urchin) and aquatic processing technology

The analysis of current scientific, technological, regulatory and methodical literature concerning cultivation and biotechnology of non-traditional species of fish (arctic charr) and valuable species of marine invertebrates (red king crab and sea urchin), as well as technology for complex processing of aquatic organisms has been carried out. The modern trends and problems of cultivation and use of these objects have been described. It has been shown that the freshwater form of Arctic charr has been successfully used in aquaculture in many countries while the aquaculture of anadromous (migratory) charr as an object of mariculture is still poorly developed and using this fish in mariculture is still too early. It is possible that in the near future as a result of breeding selection or interspecific crosses some forms with the required properties will be obtained. An analysis of published data suggests that there were no regular maintenance work in Russia on cultivation of sea urchins for obtaining their high-quality products to establish a basis (ingredients) of production for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The main efforts of previous studies on aquaculture of red king crab were aimed at the cultivation of larvae and postlarvae and rearing of mature males to reach an appropriate commercial quality. However, it should be noted that the methods of cultivation of crabs aged 3–5 years have not yet been well developed. There is also no information on the availability of accessible and relatively cheap ways to accelerate the molting process in crab, and it is known that just a long period of growing this crustacean (the commercial size is reached at age of 9–10 years) prevents the development of the red king crab aquaculture in a commercial scale. Modern processing of marine aquatic organisms should be based on a comprehensive, non-waste approach of producing traditional foods, therapeutic and prophylactic means and feed for aquaculture. The establishment of such a united technological cycle for processing red king crabs, sea urchins, and arctic charrs is a promising direction of development of the fish processing industry in the Murmansk region.

(in English, стр.15, fig. 0, tables. 0, ref 58, adobe PDF, adobe PDF 0 Kb)

Vol. 22 (2019 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2019-22-2

Zhuravleva N. G., Ishkova Е. A., Ottesen O.
Saccular cells in the epidermis of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L.

Infectious diseases are one of the main factors having a negative influence on the Atlantic cod aquaculture. Fish epidermis is a barrier which provides primary interaction between the host and pathogenic organisms. The study of the epidermis of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. has been carried out on the experimental base of the Nord University of Bodo (Norway). Ultrathin sectioning of cod epidermis has been carried out with the help of the Department of Electronic Microscopy of the University of Tromso (Norway). Embryos, pre-larvae from the moment of hatching and larvae up to 3 weeks after hatching, as well as juvenile cod at the age of 5 months, 1 year and 1.5 years have been selected for light-optical and electronic microscope examination. The material for optical studies is fixed with 10 % neutral formalin. The fixation of the material for electronic microscope studies has been made with 25 % glutaraldehyde (sodium cacodylate, pH 7.2). Saccular cells have been found in the cod epidermis of all investigated age groups. The cells have a round or predominantly oval shape and also vacuoles. Vacuoles are filled with an electron-transparent material, but most cells do not have secretory content. It has been found out that secretory material in most cases was absent in the vacuoles of opened cells, where vesicles and tubules, however, remained. During the research, morphological and functional features of these cells are first identified on the basis of studying their distribution, quantity and chemical composition depending on the age of the fish. New data on the spatial distribution of Atlantic cod saccular cells at different stages of ontogenesis have been presented. The results indicate the secretory, bactericidal and protective functions of the saccular cells in the epidermis of Atlantic cod and reflect the ecological features of cod as an epibenthic-pelagic species.

(in Russian, стр.5, fig. 2, tables. 0, ref 8, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)

Vol. 23 (2020 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2020-23-2

Garmash M. V. , Zhuravleva N. G.
Some information on biology of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Barents Sea coastal region (East Murman)

Three-spined stickleback is one of the widespread fish species of East Murman. It is found in 13 catchment areas of the Barents Sea coast in the eastern part of the Murmansk region, including major rivers, shallow river basins and inter-basin spaces. Stickleback is found in such lakes as Enozero, Pervoe Titovskoe, Opasovskoe, Dolgoe, etc, and in the rivers Yokanga, Varzina, Kharlovka, Voronia, Teriberka, etc. There is no detailed biological description of stickleback in this area, and the information available only mentions its presence in water bodies and occurrence in the stomachs of predators. The present paper provides data on three-spined stickleback caught in the coastal region of the Barents Sea at a depth of 120–123 m. The marine form of stickleback spends entire life cycle in the sea. In the Barents Sea, stickleback has a pelagic way of life, going quite far from the shore. According to the published data, its habitat depth in the Barents Sea is 50–450 m, with an average of 270 m, where temperature varies from 0 to 4 °C, with salinity 33–35 ‰. It has been found out that stickleback is represented by two morphotypes – trachurus with a keel (98 %) and semiarmatus (2 %) with a keel. The study has revealed different number of lateral plates and the nature of their distribution on the body of stickleback. In the study area, individuals of different size groups could be found. On average their body length ranges from 51 to 60 mm with a maximum length of 81 mm; the weight changes from 0.79 to 1.39 g. The authors have observed positive allometry of the dependence of mass on body length. Proportion of empty stomachs is almost 100 % with the fat content 1–2 points. The gonads of males and females caught in August 2015 were in after spawning condition. Females comprise the majority of the population (65 %). Infestation of stickleback with helminths is insignificant. Larvae of Anisakis simplex nematode have been observed most frequently during the examination of internal organs and body cavity.

(in Russian, стр.6, fig. 3, tables. 1, ref 15, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)